Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea Discovery of Brazil Colonisation of Brazil Luís de Camões publishes Os Lusíadas Battle of Alcácer Quibir Loss of independence Portuguese Restoration War Discovery of gold and diamond mines in Brazil Methuen Treaty (commercial agreement between Portugal and England) Start of the construction of the Mafra Palace-Convent Start of the construction of the Águas Livres Aqueduct Great Earthquake of Lisbon French invasions Liberal revolution Return of the court to Lisbon Brazilian independence Civil War between Liberals and Absolutists Acclamation of Queen Maria II Marriage of Queen Maria II to King Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg Coup d’état by Costa Cabral Start of the construction of Pena Palace Rebellion of Maria da Fonte Death of Queen Maria II Opening of the railway line between Lisbon and Carregado Third centenary of the death of Luís de Camões English ultimatum Republican revolution of 31 January King Edward VII of England visits Portugal Regicide Establishment of the Republic Portugal enters the First World War Apparitions at Fatima Braga Revolution – Fall of the 1st Republic Salazar becomes President of the Council of Ministers Commemoration of the centenaries of the foundation and independence of Portugal Opening of the National Stadium Queen Elizabeth II of England visits Portugal Outbreak of the Colonial War Opening of the bridge over the Tagus Democratic Revolution Portugal joins the EEC Treaty of Lisbon

Defeat of the Invincible Armada by the English Shakespeare writes Richard III Cervantes writes Don Quixote Galileo invents the telescope Start of the reign of Louis XIV Denis Papin constructs the first steam engine Daniel Defoe writes Robinson Crusoe Seven Years’ War The Second Continental Congress declares the independence of the USA Outbreak of the French Revolution Battles of Trafalgar and Austerlitz Battle of Austerlitz Argentina achieves independence Greece achieves independence Death of Napoleon Bonaparte Champollion deciphers hieroglyphics Victoria is crowned Queen of England Alexandre Dumas publishes The Three Musketeers Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto Darwin - On the Origin of Species Outbreak of the American Civil War Tolstoy begins publication of War and Peace Abolition of slavery in the USA Verdi's opera Aida is staged in Cairo Bell invents the telephone Construction of the first electric locomotive by Siemens Wagner writes Parsifal Construction of the first skyscraper in Chicago Karl Benz invents the first petrol-powered vehicle Lumiére Brothers – 1st cinema projection Bayer invents aspirin Einstein - Theory of Relativity Proclamation of the Republic of China Sinking of the Titanic First World War Russian Revolution Women granted the right to vote in the USA Hitler becomes the leader of the Nazi Party First broadcasting of images by television Chang-Kai-Check reunifies China The start of sound film Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse Black Thursday on Wall Street Soviet Union – Stalin becomes undisputed leader Creation of the electronic microscope Hitler becomes leader of German Reich Start of the Spanish Civil War Second World War First computer – ENIAC Establishment of the People’s Republic of China Death of Stalin Signing of the Treaty of Rome - creation of the EEC Construction of the Berlin Wall Assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas The USA intervenes in Vietnam Fall of the Berlin Wall Outbreak of the Gulf War 2001 11 September Economic crisis